Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis of skin and
internal organs. Its pathogenesis, which is still poorly understood, features three main …

Functional cytokine networks have been poorly characterized in systemic sclerosis (SSc).
While interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is increased in SSc skin and other organs, its role is still …

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a disease of unknown aetiology characterized by excessive and
often progressive fibrosis in skin and multiple internal organs, an aberrant immune activation …

Objective Fibrosis is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in systemic sclerosis
(SSc). T cells are the predominant inflammatory infiltrate in affected tissue and are thought to …

Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is a classic pro‐inflammatory cytokine critical in mounting an effective
immune response. It is secreted by a wide array of cell types; however, its effector cells are …

Objective T lymphocytes play an important role in systemic sclerosis (SSc), a connective
tissue disease characterized by inflammation, fibrosis, and vascular damage. While their …

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by extensive fibrosis, vasculopathy and activation
of the immune system. Fibrosis can be caused by profibrotic cytokines, such as transforming …

Despite long-standing recognition of the importance of T cells in systemic sclerosis (SSc;
scleroderma), the role of CD8+ T cells in disease pathogenesis has not been well studied …

Interleukin-6 is a classic pro-inflammatory cytokine needed to mount an effective immune
response. It is secreted by a wide array of cell types, however, its target cells are more …

Objective The aim of this paper is to review the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-13
and their receptor signals; we discuss new insight into their possible roles in systemic …