Many antibiotics inhibit gram-negative bacteria less effectively than gram-positive bacteria,
because the outer membrane permeability barrier allows only a slow influx of drugs, and the …

The rise in multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the greatest threats to human health
worldwide. MDR in bacterial pathogens is a major challenge in healthcare, as bacterial …

Drug efflux mechanisms interact synergistically with the outer membrane permeability
barrier of Gram-negative bacteria, leading to intrinsic resistance that presents a major …

Foodborne illnesses caused by bacterial microorganisms are common worldwide and
constitute a serious public health concern. In particular, microorganisms belonging to the …

Antimicrobial resistance is an old and silent pandemic. Resistant organisms emerge in
parallel with new antibiotics, leading to a major global public health crisis over time …

Multidrug efflux pumps constitute a group of transporters that are ubiquitously found in any
organism. In addition to other functions with relevance for the cell physiology, efflux pumps …

Efflux is the process in which bacteria transport compounds outside the cell which are
potentially toxic, such as drugs or chemicals or compounds. Efflux pumps can be identified …

Bacterial pathogens are able to survive within diverse habitats. The dynamic adaptation to
the surroundings depends on their ability to sense environmental variations and to respond …

Antibiotics, once considered the lifeline for treating bacterial infections, are under threat due
to the emergence of threatening antimicrobial resistance (AMR). These drug-resistant …

Acinetobacter spp. have become of increased clinical importance as studies have shown the
antimicrobial resistant potential of these species. Efflux pumps can lead to reduced …