Epigenetic mechanisms are fundamental in cardiac adaptations, remodeling, reverse
remodeling, and disease. This two-article series proposes that variable forces associated …

Background—Mitral valvular–ventricular continuity is important for left ventricular (LV)
systolic function, but the specific contributions of the anterior leaflet second-order “strut” …

Early heart morphogenesis involves a process in which embryonic precursor cells are
instructed to form a cyclic contracting muscle tube connected to blood vessels, pumping …

The right ventricle (RV) because of its low-pressure working conditions and complex
geometry stands in stark contrast to the left ventricle (LV). Thus, under normal baseline …

The mesenchymal tissues involved in cardiac septation are derived from different sources. In
addition to endocardial‐derived mesenchyme, the heart also receives contributions from the …

The changes in left ventricular (LV) structure and geometry that evolve after myocardial
injury or overload usually involve chamber dilation and/or hypertrophy. Such architectural …

During early development, the initially straight heart tube (HT) bends and twists (loops) into
a curved tube to lay out the basic plan of the mature heart. The physical mechanisms that …

Objective: To evaluate the structure–function relationships of the right ventricle (RV) and
septum and determine if the helical ventricular band model would define fiber orientation for …

The myofiber geometry of the left ventricle (LV) changes gradually from a right-handed helix
in the subendocardium to a left-handed helix in the subepicardium. In this review, we …

Publisher Summary The formation and differentiation of the endocardial cushions and the
process of heart looping are central events required for the reorganization of the single heart …