The human fetus, child, and adult may experience adverse health outcomes from parental or
childhood exposures to environmental toxicants. The fetus and infant are especially …

This is the first textbook to focus on environmental threats to child health. It will interest
professionals and graduate students in public health, pediatrics, environmental health …

This review summarizes the level of epidemiologic evidence for relationships between
prenatal and/or early life exposure to environmental chemical contaminants and fetal, child …

In recent years, many new studies have evaluated associations between environmental
pollutants and child health. This review aims to provide a broad summary of this literature …

Several authors have considered the importance of exposure timing and how this affects the
outcomes observed, but no one has systematically compiled preconceptional, prenatal, and …

Background: Children must be recognized as a sensitive population based on having
biological systems and organs in various stages of development. The processes of …

Fetal life and childhood are the periods most vulnerable to the harmful effects of exposure to
environmental insults. This is because, during these periods, there is rapid cell division …

Early life environmental factors may increase the risk of disease in childhood or adulthood.
Well-established examples of early life environmental factors affecting later life health …

Whereas single genes and individual chemical exposures are responsible for some
instances of adverse pregnancy outcome or developmental disease, gene–environment …

Recent public recognition that children are different from adults in their exposures and
susceptibilities to environmental contaminants has its roots in work that began> 46 years …