Private health insurance (PHI) serves three distinct functions in western European health
systems (Timmer 1990; Schneider 1995; Wasem and Greß 2002). 2 The first is as an …

The health field is characterised by high uncertainties which can lead to large expenditures.
One way to manage these uncertainties is to develop collectively-financed health care …

Several low-and middle-income countries are interested in extending their existing health
insurance for specific groups to eventually cover their entire populations. For those countries …

The health care system in Greece is financed in almost equal proportions by public and
private sources. Private expenditure, consists mostly of out-of-pocket and under-the-table …

This is a brief introductory guide to health insurance. It is written primarily for people thinking
about introducing health insurance, including senior staff of Ministries of Health and in …

Abstract Aim The Government of Egypt has embarked on a process of reforming health care
financing in the country. Under the influence of external advisers it, has so far focused on …

OBJECTIVES: Given the declining health status of the Russian population and the negative
social impact of ongoing economic reforms, it is important to understand the nature and …

The aim of the paper was to present health care systems and assess the recent trend in
health care expenditure in the European Union countries. The data source was the World …

The objective of this article is to compare the development of health policies in three Baltic
countries, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in the period from 1992 to 2004 and reflect on …