This book provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art research as well as
current challenges and strategies to reconstruct large bone defects employing 3D printing …

The treatment of bone defects, especially large-area bone defects caused by trauma,
congenital malformations, senile diseases, and other factors, is often the key and difficult …

Cells within the human body are in intimate contact with a 3D extracellular matrix composed
of numerous organic and inorganic components. As a result, one of the revolutionary …

Bones are mineralized connective tissues composed of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and
osteocytes. While bone is one of the few tissues that can regenerate in adulthood, its …

Tissue and organ replacement is often required in many pathological conditions and needs
replacement. Replacement with natural tissue-like materials has rapidly evolved in the last …

Since the advent of tissue engineering in the 1980s, bone has been a primary target for
tissue regeneration. This field has seen some fantastic developments to assist patients in …

Several attempts have been made to engineer a viable three‐dimensional (3D) bone tissue
equivalent using conventional tissue engineering strategies, but with limited clinical …

Biofabrication techniques allow for the construction of biocompatible and biofunctional
structures composed from biomaterials, cells and biomolecules. Bioprinting is an emerging …

Regenerative medicine has gained significant interest over the past decades due to its
remarkable efficiency to repair and regenerate damaged tissues using engineered …

Recent developments in three-dimensional (3D) printing technology offer immense potential
in fabricating scaffolds and implants for various biomedical applications, especially for bone …