We argue that phenotypic plasticity should be broadly construed to encompass a diversity of
phenomena spanning several hierarchical levels of organization. Despite seemingly …

The plastic response of phenotypic traits to environmental change is a common research
focus in several disciplines‐from ecology and evolutionary biology to physiology and …

For more than two decades the concept of phenotypic plasticity has allowed researchers to
go beyond the nature-nurture dichotomy to gain deeper insights into how organisms are …

Phenotypic plasticity–the ability of an individual organism to alter its features in direct
response to a change in its environment–is ubiquitous. Understanding how and why this …

Phenotypic plasticity, the capacity of a single genotype to exhibit variable phenotypes in
different environments, is common in insects and is often highly adaptive. Here we review …

Phenotypic plasticity is an environmentally based change in the phenotype. Understanding
the evolution of adaptive phenotypic plasticity has been hampered by dissenting opinions …

Phenotypic plasticity is ubiquitous and generally regarded as a key mechanism for enabling
organisms to survive in the face of environmental change. Because no organism is infinitely …

Phenotypic plasticity—the ability of an individual organism to change its phenotype in direct
response to variation in its environment—has long fascinated and perplexed biologists …

Publisher Summary Environmentally influenced variation in phenotypic expression or
phenotypic plasticity is a fundamental property of organisms with consequences for …

Phenotypic plasticity is widespread in nature, and often involves ecologically relevant
behavioral, physiological, morphological and life-historical traits. As a result, plasticity alters …