To describe and assess the risk of bias of the primary input studies that underpinned the
Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019 modelled prevalence estimates of low back …

Background The UK has had universal free health care and public health programmes for
more than six decades. Several policy initiatives and structural reforms of the health system …

Background Air pollution is an important public health concern in China, with high levels of
exposure to both ambient and household air pollution. To inform action at provincial levels in …

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide and a major public health
concern. Therefore, its risk assessment is crucial to many existing treatment guidelines. 1 …

Background Experimental and epidemiological studies indicate an association between
exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In …

Contents: vol. 1, Childhood and maternal undernutrition—Other nutrition-related risk factors
and physical activity—Addictive substances—vol. 2, Sexual and reproductive health …

Background Documentation of patterns and long-term trends in mortality in young people,
which reflect huge changes in demographic and social determinants of adolescent health …

The latest estimates and analyses from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 (GBD
2015) 1–7 provide a vital link between the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the …

Background Human resources for health (HRH) include a range of occupations that aim to
promote or improve human health. The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the …

Summary Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) cause a large burden of
disease globally. Some infectious diseases cause an increased risk of developing specific …