Macrophages are key inflammatory immune cells that display dynamic phenotypes and
functions in response to their local microenvironment. Major advances have occurred in …

Macrophages are critical myeloid cells with the hallmark of phenotypic heterogeneity and
functional plasticity. Macrophages phenotypes are commonly described as classically …

Growing evidence defines macrophages (Mφ) as plastic cells with wide-ranging states of
activation and expression of different markers that are time and location dependent. Distinct …

Macrophages are highly plastic cells that can polarize into functionally distinct subsets in
vivo and in vitro in response to environmental signals. The development of protocols to …

Macrophage polarization refers to development of a specific phenotype important for tissue
homeostasis or host defense in response to environmental cues. Environmental factors that …

Macrophages are key cell types of the innate immune system regulating host defense,
inflammation, tissue homeostasis and cancer. Within this functional spectrum diverse and …

Background Macrophage polarization has a causal role in the pathogenesis and resolution
of various clinical diseases. DNA-binding transcription factors (TFs) have been identified as …

As an essential component of innate immunity, macrophages have multiple functions in both
inhibiting or promoting cell proliferation and tissue repair. Diversity and plasticity are …

In terms of both phenotype and function, macrophages have remarkable heterogeneity,
which reflects the specialization of tissue-resident macrophages in microenvironments as …

Macrophages function as sentinel cells, which constantly monitor the host environment for
infection or injury. Macrophages have been shown to exhibit a spectrum of activated …