Encoded in mammalian cells by 33 genes, the transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) family
of secreted, homodimeric and heterodimeric proteins controls the differentiation of most, if …

TGF-β family signaling through Smads is conceptually a simple and linear signaling
pathway, driven by sequential phosphorylation, with type II receptors activating type I …

Signaling by the many ligands of the TGFβ family strongly converges towards only five
receptor-activated, intracellular Smad proteins, which fall into two classes ie Smad2/3 and …

Smads are intracellular signalling mediators for the family of transforming growth factor β
(TGF-β)-related growth and differentiation factors, which signal through transmembrane …

The primary signalling pathway downstream of ligands of the transforming growth factor β
(TGF-β) superfamily is the Smad pathway. Activated receptors phosphorylate receptor …

Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) superfamily members are multifunctional cell‐cell
signaling proteins that play pivotal roles in tissue homeostasis and development of …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and related growth factors are secreted pleiotropic
factors that play critical roles in embryogenesis and adult tissue homeostasis by regulating …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family signaling dictates highly complex programs of
gene expression responses, which are extensively regulated at multiple levels and vary …

The transforming growth factor (TGF) beta superfamily of secreted factors is comprised of
over 30 members including Activins, Nodals, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs), and …

Transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) superfamily members regulate a plethora of
developmental processes, and disruption of their activity has been implicated in a variety of …