Transforming growth factor-βs (TGF-βs) regulate pivotal cellular processes such as
proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. After ligand binding, the signals are transmitted …

The transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) superfamily includes more than 30 members
which have a broad array of biological activities. TGF‐β superfamily ligands bind to type II …

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling is involved in almost all major cell behaviors
under physiological and pathological conditions, and its regulatory system has therefore …

Members of the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) superfamily bind to two different
serine/threonine kinase receptors, ie type I and type II receptors. Upon ligand binding, type I …

The TGF-β pathway plays a vital role in development and disease and regulates
transcription through a complex composed of receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads) and …

Cytokines of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily, including TGF-βs, activins
and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), bind to specific serine/threonine kinase receptors …

The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family of ligands elicit their biological effects by
initiating new programs of gene expression. The best understood signal transducers for …

The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily plays a central role in the specification
and patterning of cells in the early embryo. Several years ago, the TGF-βs were shown to …

Dimeric ligands of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily bind with high affinity
to type II and type I receptor serine/threonine kinases on the cell surface and induce hetero …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a secreted homodimeric protein that plays an
important role in regulating various cellular responses including cell proliferation and …