Background: Use of a long-acting inhaled bronchodilator, either an anticholinergic or a β-
adrenergic receptor agonist (β-agonist), is recommended for maintenance treatment of …

Objective To investigate a possible increased risk observed in tiotropium clinical trials of
stroke and other adverse events. Design New users of long-acting anticholinergic therapy …

Background Long-acting bronchodilators, including long-acting beta 2-agonists (LABA) and
the anticholinergic tiotropium, are recommended as initial maintenance therapy in COPD …

The cardiovascular risk of concurrently using long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs) and
anticholinergics (LAMAs) in COPD is uncertain. We assessed the comparative …

Importance Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common and deadly
disease. Long-acting inhaled β-agonists and anticholinergics, first-line medications for …

Background and objective While several studies have found that prescribing practices do
not conform to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment guidelines, none …

Study Objective Inhaled long‐acting bronchodilators are commonly used as maintenance
therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We compared the risk of …

Rationale: Long-acting β-adrenergic agonists and long-acting anticholinergic agents are
recommended for the management of patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary …

The long-term use of inhaled anticholinergic agents has recently been suggested to be
associated with an excess risk of adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in patients with …

Background The active-treatment comparative safety information for all inhaled medications
in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is limited. We aimed to …