Protozoa are eukaryotic cells and represent suitable model systems to study the
mechanisms of gravity perception and signal transduction due to their clear gravity‐induced …

Unicellular organisms, like protists, use gravity as a most reliable environmental parameter
for spatial orientation. Thus, gravisensitive protists offer ideal model systems contributing to …

An account is given of approaches to gravireception, terminology mechanisms of responses
to gravity as investigated and documented in the literature, and sensorimotor coupling …

Experiments under varied gravitational accelerations as well as in density-adjusted media
showed that sensation of gravity in protists may be linked to the known principles of …

Ciliates represent suitable model systems to study the mechanisms of graviperception and
signal transduction as they show clear gravity-induced behavioural responses (gravitaxis …

Orientation of organisms with respect to the gravitational field of the Earth has been studied
for more than 100 years in a number of unicellular microorganisms including flagellates and …

Gravitactic orientation in flagellates and ciliates seems to be mediated by an active
physiological gravireceptor rather than by passive alignment of the cells (buoy hypothesis) …

Gravitactic protozoa offer advantages in studying how the gravity stimulus is perceived on
the cellular level. By means of a slow rotating centrifuge microscope in space the …

Abstract Effects of the density of the external medium on gravireception in Loxodes striatus
were investigated using Percoll solutions. With increasing density, the swimming rates …

Many photosynthetic or heterotrophic flagellates, from various taxa, show positive, negative
and, in some cases, transversal gravitaxis. Most flagellates are unicellular; however, they …