The brain is an intricate organ that controls various functions, such as perception, behavior,
mood, and cognition, through interactions between neurons, astrocytes with …

The brain relies on many forms of dynamic activities in individual neurons, from synaptic
transmission to electrical activity and intracellular signaling events. Monitoring these …

Recent advances in fluorescence imaging permit large-scale recording of neural activity and
dynamics of neurochemical release with unprecedented resolution in behaving animals …

The actions of neuromodulation are thought to mediate the ability of the mammalian brain to
dynamically adjust its functional state in response to changes in the environment. Altered …

Behavior is driven by precise spatial and temporal patterns of neural activity. Understanding
how the brain processes these complex patterns requires large-scale recording and …

Neurons and glia are functionally organized into circuits and higher-order structures that
allow the precise information processing required for complex behaviors. To better …

Understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying brain functions such as cognition and
emotions requires monitoring of membrane voltage at the cellular, circuit, and system levels …

Our ability to investigate the brain is limited by available technologies that can record
biological processes in vivo with suitable spatiotemporal resolution. Advances in …

Monitoring neural activity in individual neurons is crucial for understanding neural circuits
and brain functions. The emergence of optical imaging technologies has dramatically …

The wide range of nervous system functions underlying animal physiology and behaviors is
ultimately encoded by the coordinated activity of neural cells, chiefly neurons and astrocytes …