In settings of resource constraint, an understanding of HIV drug resistance can guide
antiretroviral therapy (ART) at switch to second‐line therapy. To determine the prevalence of …

Objective: To assess the mutational patterns and factors associated with baseline drug-
resistant HIV-1 present at initiation of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) at 3 sites in …

Background The emergence of complex HIV-1 drug resistance mutations has been linked to
the duration of time patients are on a failing antiretroviral drug regimen. This study reports on …

Background Studies of patients failing second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-
limited settings (RLS) are few. Evidence suggests most patients who appear to be …

Background The ever-expanding rollout of antiretroviral therapy in poor resource settings
without routine virological monitoring has been accompanied with development of drug …

South Africa introduced the “diagnose and treat” universal HIV treatment program in
September 2016. This program enables all identified HIV-positive patients to immediately …

Objectives The number of patients on second‐line antiretroviral therapy is growing, but data
on HIV drug resistance patterns at failure in resource‐constrained settings are scarce. We …

We analysed whether mutations associated with resistance to antiretroviral (ARV) drugs
circulate among treatment-naive HIV-1-infected individuals at a period when these drugs …

Objective: To determine drug resistance mutation (DRM) patterns in a large cohort of
patients failing nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based first-line …

Background Understanding factors driving virological failure, including the contribution of
HIV drug resistance mutations (DRM), is critical to ensuring HIV treatment remains effective …