Animal models have proven to be invaluable to researchers trying to answer questions
regarding the mechanisms of behavior. The Open Field Maze is one of the most commonly …

Mature vertebrates maintain posture using vestibulospinal neurons that transform sensed
instability into reflexive commands to spinal motor circuits. Postural stability improves across …

Repeated exposure to a provocative motion stimulus leads to motion sickness habituation
indicative of the existence of central processes to counteract the disturbing properties of the …

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the effects of anxiety on balance function in normal
individuals and patients with anxiety disorders, and then discusses medical–psychiatric …

The tail-lift reflex and the air-righting reflex are anti-gravity reflexes in rats that depend on
vestibular function. To obtain objective and quantitative measures of performance, we …

To determine how the vestibular sense controls balance, we used instantaneous head
angular velocity to drive a galvanic vestibular stimulus so that afference would signal that …

After unilateral peripheral vestibular lesions, the neural activity of neurons in the ipsi-lesional
medial vestibular nucleus (ipsi-MVe) are markedly decreased, resulting in static and …

The relationship between emotion and action is widely discussed. However, the association
between psychological processes, such as mood states including anxiety and motor control …

Publisher Summary Several developments of neuroprosthetic control permit locomotion and
posture to be maintained without the aid of crutches and therefore require some form of …

The vestibular organs consist of complementary sensors: the semicircular canals detect
rotations while the otoliths detect linear accelerations, including the constant pull of gravity …