A reduction in blood morphine concentrations amongst heroin overdose fatalities associated with a sustained reduction in street heroin purity

S Darke, J Duflou, M Torok - Forensic science international, 2010 - Elsevier
To determine the effects of a sudden and sustained reduction in heroin purity on the
toxicology of heroin overdose, 959 consecutive heroin overdose cases autopsied at the …

A comparison of blood toxicology of heroin-related deaths and current heroin users in Sydney, Australia

S Darke, S Sunjic, D Zador, T Prolov - Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 1997 - Elsevier
Blood toxicology results for deaths attributed to heroin overdose during 1995 in the South
Western Sydney (SWS) region (n= 39) were compared with those of a sample of 100 current …

Determining the effective dose of street-level heroin: a new way to consider fluctuations in heroin purity, mass and potential contribution to overdose

NC Stam, D Gerostamoulos, J Gerstner-Stevens… - Forensic science …, 2018 - Elsevier
Abstract Background & Aims Heroin use is associated with a disproportionately high level of
morbidity and mortality with most deaths attributable to drug overdose. Aggregate heroin …

Comparative toxicology of fatal heroin overdose cases and morphine positive homicide victims

S Darke, J Duflou, S Kaye - Addiction, 2007 - Wiley Online Library
Aims To compare the blood toxicology of heroin overdose cases and morphine positive
homicide victims. Design Analysis of coronial cases. Setting Sydney, Australia. Cases A total …

Is there a relationship between street heroin purity and drug‐related emergencies and/or drug‐related deaths? An analysis from Vienna, Austria

D Risser, A Uhl, F Oberndorfer… - Journal of forensic …, 2007 - Wiley Online Library
This study examines the quality of street heroin seized in Vienna in 1999 and whether there
was a relationship between the purity of street heroin and the number of heroin‐related …

Blood free morphine levels vary with concomitant alcohol and benzodiazepine use

G Stenhouse, D Stephen, JHK Grieve - Journal of clinical forensic medicine, 2004 - Elsevier
Aims: To record the concentration of morphine in post-mortem blood samples from fatalities
arising directly from illicit drug abuse in Grampian, Scotland and to explore whether there is …

Concentrations of free-morphine in peripheral blood after recent use of heroin in overdose deaths and in apprehended drivers

AW Jones, A Holmgren, J Ahlner - Forensic science international, 2012 - Elsevier
The concentration of free-morphine was determined in peripheral (femoral) blood from
heroin-related deaths and compared with the concentration in venous blood from impaired …

Hair morphine concentrations of fatal heroin overdose cases and living heroin users

S Darke, W Hall, S Kaye, J Ross, J Duflou - Addiction, 2002 - Wiley Online Library
Aims To compare heroin and other opiate use of heroin overdose fatalities, current street
heroin users and drug‐free therapeutic community clients. Design Hair morphine …

Morphine to codeine concentration ratio in blood and urine as a marker of illicit heroin use in forensic autopsy samples

SV Konstantinova, PT Normann, M Arnestad… - Forensic science …, 2012 - Elsevier
A morphine to codeine ratio greater than unity (M/C> 1) has been suggested as an indicator
of heroin use in living individuals. The aim of this study was to examine the morphine to …

Heroin overdose as cause of death: truth or myth

SM Mirakbari - Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2004 - Taylor & Francis
Heroin-related deaths have many causes and occur in a heterogenous group of patients.
The current paper examines critically the literature on deaths attributed to heroin overdose …