Although air quality guidelines generally use the atmospheric concentration of fine
particulate matter (PM 2.5) as a metric for air pollution evaluation and management, the fact …

Fine particulate matters less than 2.5 µm (PM2. 5) in the ambient atmosphere are strongly
associated with adverse health effects. However, it is unlikely that all fine particles are …

Fine particulate matter (PM) in the ambient air is implicated in a variety of human health
issues throughout the globe. Regulation of fine PM in the atmosphere requires information …

Abstract Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) is detrimental to the human respiratory system.
However, the toxicity of PM 2.5 and its associated potentially harmful species, notably novel …

The chemical and cytotoxicity properties of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) at indoor and
outdoor environment were characterized in Xi'an, China. The mass concentrations of PM 2.5 …

The increasing number of motor vehicles has given rise to widespread public concern
regarding their pollutants emission and according health effects. This study investigated the …

The sources, sizes, components, and toxicological responses of particulate matter (PM)
have demonstrated remarkable spatiotemporal variability. However, associations between …

Ambient air particulate matter (PM) originates as either primary particles emitted directly into
the atmosphere from a specific source or as secondary particles produced from atmospheric …

Particulate matter (PM) is regulated in various parts of the world based on specific size cut
offs, often expressed as 10 or 2.5 µm mass median aerodynamic diameter. This pollutant is …

Environmental air pollutants pose significant threats to public health, especially the toxicity
and diseases caused by the atmospheric fine particulate matters (PM 2.5). Since the health …