Sex differences exist in how cerebral blood vessels function under both physiological and
pathological conditions, contributing to observed sex differences in risk and outcomes of …

Stroke is a major public health problem. The female population carries a higher stroke
burden than the male population, both because females have a longer life expectancy and …

Sex differences in stroke are observed across epidemiologic studies, pathophysiology,
treatments, and outcomes. These sex differences have profound implications for effective …

Biological sex is an important determinant of stroke risk and outcome. Women are protected
from cerebrovascular disease relative to men, an observation commonly attributed to the …

Androgens affect the cerebral vasculature and may contribute to sex differences in
cerebrovascular diseases. Men are at a greater risk for stroke and vascular contributions to …

The cerebral vasculature is a target tissue for sex steroid hormones. Estrogens, androgens,
and progestins all influence the function and pathophysiology of the cerebral circulation …

Epidemiological studies and clinical observations show evidence of sexual dimorphism in
brain responses to several neurological conditions. It is suggested that sex-related …

Ischemic stroke is emerging as a major health problem for elderly women. Women have
lower stroke incidence than men until an advanced age, when the epidemiology of ischemic …

Biologic sex influences many variables that are important to brain health in general, and to
stroke or cerebral ischemia in particular, such as general health status, cerebrovascular …

Stroke is a leading cause of permanent disability and death. A complex series of
biochemical and molecular mechanisms (eg the release of ROS/NOS, proapoptotic proteins …