The primary abnormality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is chronic airway
inflammation which results in airflow limitation. Disease progression is usually depicted as …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality.
It is defined by the presence of expiratory airflow limitation that is only partially reversible …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by inflammatory injury to
the intrathoracic airways, lung parenchyma, and pulmonary vasculature in highly variable …

The inability to engage in sustained physical activity is a common feature of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and contributes importantly to the perception of poor …

ABSTRACT O'DONNELL, ED Ventilatory limitations in chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 33, No. 7, Suppl., pp. S647–S655, 2001. Chronic …

Expiratory flow limitation is the pathophysiologic hallmark of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), but dyspnea (breathlessness) is its most prominent and distressing …

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are progressively limited in
their ability to undertake normal everyday activities by a combination of exertional dyspnoea …

This review examines 18 studies published≥ 30 yrs ago. They show that the earliest
manifestation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an increase in residual …

The physiological hallmark of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is expiratory
flow limitation. However, it is the resultant air trapping and associated increases in lung …

Dyspnea and activity limitation are the primary symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease and progress relentlessly as the disease advances. In COPD, dyspnea is …