Three Steller sea lions Eumetopias jubatus were trained to participate in free-swimming,
open-ocean experiments designed to determine if activity can be used to estimate the …

Three Steller sea lions Eumetopias jubatus, trained to dive voluntarily to depths ranging from
10 to 50 m, were used to determine whether the relationship between activity and metabolic …

The metabolic costs of foraging and the management of O2 and CO2 stores during breath-
hold diving was investigated in three female Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) trained …

Accurate estimates of diving metabolic rate are central to assessing the energy needs of
marine mammals. To circumvent some of the limitations inherent with conducting energy …

The diving capacity of marine mammals is typically defined by the aerobic dive limit (ADL)
which, in lieu of direct measurements, can be calculated (cADL) from total body oxygen …

The predictive relationship between heart rate (f H) and oxygen consumption () has been
derived for several species of marine mammals swimming horizontally or diving in tanks to …

The validity of using heart rate to estimate energy expenditure in free-ranging Steller sea
lions Eumetopias jubatus was investigated by establishing whether there is a relationship …

We measured the metabolic rate of nineteen wild and three captive, trained Southern sea
lions (Otaria flavescens, Shaw 1800) during three behavioral states: resting in air ([Formula …

ABSTRACT The New Zealand sea lion, Phocarctos hookeri, is the deepest-and longest-
diving sea lion. We were interested in whether the diving ability of this animal was related to …

1. The measurement of energy expenditures in free-ranging animals is essential if we are to
understand fully the interaction between a species and its environment. This study examined …