Epidemiological and experimental evidence implicates oestrogens in the aetiology of breast
cancer. Most established risk factors for breast cancer in humans probably act through …

Breast cancer risk is strongly related to several reproductive and hormonal factors, but the
nature of the effects of endogenous oestrogens has been difficult to establish. Data are now …

The past 20 years of research have identified several risk factors and protective factors for
breast cancer. All of these factors can be understood as measures of the cumulative …

There is substantial evidence that high estrogen levels in postmenopausal women are
associated with an increase in breast cancer risk, but such a relation has not yet been …

Ovarian and other hormones are major determinants of breast cancer risk. Particularly
important is the accumulative exposure of the breast to circulating levels of the ovarian …

There is currently accumulating evidence that endogenous estrogens play a critical role in
the development of breast cancer. Estrogens and their metabolites have been studied in …

To assess the relationship of menopausal estrogens to breast cancer risk, the authors
conducted a case‐control study among 881 cases and 863 controls identified through the …

Carcinogenesis in the breast is a hormonally dependent process. Evidence implicating
estrogen as a key breast carcinogen comes from various lines of investigation. Traditional …

A study among 1960 post-menopausal breast cancer cases and 2258 controls identified
through a nation-wide screening program enabled evaluation of effects of oestrogen use on …

The protective effect of early menopause shows that ovarian hormones increase the risk of
breast cancer: it is likely that this is because they stimulate breast cell division. The mitotic …