Introduction Prior research supports an association between endogenous sex steroids and
breast cancer among postmenopausal women; the association is less clear among …

Abstract Background: Results from the Women's Health Initiative trial raise new questions
regarding the effects of estrogen therapy (ET) and estrogen plus progestin therapy (EPT) on …

In North America and Northern Europe, breast cancer incidence rates begin increasing in
the early reproductive years and continue climbing into the late seventies, whereas rates …

It is well established that pregnancy early in life reduces the risk of breast cancer in women
and that this effect is universal. This phenomenon of parity protection against mammary …

Previous studies have shown that the selection of women who are at high breast cancer risk
for treatment with chemoprevention agents leads to an enhanced benefit/risk ratio. However …

The major risk factors for breast cancer are hormone-related, and the only well-established
diet-related risk factors for breast cancer are obesity and alcohol consumption. Obesity …

Background. The epidemiology of breast cancer was reviewed in the context of hormonal,
hereditary, histologic, and dietary risk factors. Methods. Literature review. Results. Late age …

Multiple lines of evidence support a central role of hormones in the etiology of breast,
endometrial and ovarian cancers. Evidence of an association between circulating hormones …

Introduction Breast cancers of different histology have different clinical and prognostic
features. There are also indications of differences in aetiology. We therefore evaluated the …

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether recent epidemiologic evidence supports an association
between use of estrogen replacement therapy or hormone replacement therapy and risk of …