Our understanding of the role of plant proteins in defense against herbivores lags behind
that of proteins involved in defense against pathogens. However, recent microarray and …

Insect pests are responsible for substantial crop losses worldwide through direct damage
and transmission of plant diseases, and novel approaches that complement or replace …

Upon infection with insect-borne microbial pathogens, plants are exposed to two types of
damage simultaneously. Over the past decade, numerous molecular studies have been …

Highlights•Studies of effectors reveal key components and their function in plant
immunity.•Pathogen effectors reopen the stomata for successful penetration.•Pathogens …

Background Multicellular organisms have evolved systems/mechanisms to detect various
forms of danger, including attack by microbial pathogens and a variety of pests, as well as …

Plants are exposed to very different attackers, including microbial pathogens and
herbivorous insects. To protect themselves, plants have evolved defensive strategies to …

Threats to food security require novel sustainable agriculture practices to manage insect
pests. One strategy is conservation biological control (CBC), which relies on pest control …

To attain sustainable agricultural crop protection, tools such as host plant resistance,
enhanced ecosystem services (ie conserving natural enemies) and the deployment of …

Grasses (Poaceae) are the fifth-largest plant family by species and their uses for crops,
forage, fiber, and fuel make them the most economically important. In grasslands, which …

Chemical cues are essential for many ecological interactions. Previous studies of chemically
mediated multitrophic interactions have typically focused on responses to cues from plants …