Regardless of the outcome of symbiosis, whether it is pathogenic, mutualistic or commensal,
bacteria must first colonize their hosts. Intriguingly, closely related bacteria that colonize …

Microbe–host interactions can be categorised as pathogenic, parasitic or mutualistic, but in
practice few examples exactly fit these descriptions. New molecular methods are providing …

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Plants and animals have evolved ever since their appearance in a largely microbial world.
Their own cells are less numerous than the microorganisms that they host and with whom …

A fundamental issue in biology is the question of how bacteria initiate and maintain
pathogenic relationships with eukaryotic hosts. Despite billions of years of coexistence, far …

This review focuses on bacteria-fungi interactions mediated by secondary metabolites that
occur in the environment and have implications for medicine and biotechnology. Bipartite …

Bacteria and fungi can form a range of physical associations that depend on various modes
of molecular communication for their development and functioning. These bacterial-fungal …

Highlights•Pathogens and symbionts trigger common host responses.•These biotic
interactions affect plant developmental and physiological processes.•Interactions between …

Plant and human pathogens have evolved disease factors to successfully exploit their
respective hosts. Phytopathogens utilize specific determinants that help to breach reinforced …

Highlights•Plant and animal niches are colonized by bacteria and fungi.•Bacterial-fungal
interactions shape host-associated microbial communities.•Interplay between bacteria and …