For many years, it has been suggested that drugs that interfere with dopamine (DA)
transmission alter the “rewarding” impact of primary reinforcers such as food. Research and …

Rationale: Dopamine is important for enabling organisms to overcome work-related
response costs. One way of investigating this function has been with concurrent choice …

The dopamine antagonist haloperidol (HP) decreased motor activity that was induced by
periodic presentation of food to food-deprived rats, with the higher doses leading to a …

Although the Skinnerian 'Empirical Law of Effect'does not directly consider the fundamental
properties of stimuli that enable them to act as reinforcers, such considerations are critical for …

Three experiments investigated the behavioral effects of injections of the neurotoxic agent 6-
hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the core or shell of the nucleus accumbens. In the first …

It has been suggested that accumbens dopamine (DA) is involved in the process of enabling
organisms to expend energy in various situations, including foraging, maze running, and …

Mesolimbic dopamine (DA), particularly in the nucleus accumbens, is a critical component of
the brain circuitry involved in behavioral activation and effort-related processes. Although …

Brain dopamine (DA) and adenosine interact in the regulation of behavioral activation and
effort-related processes. In the present studies, a T-maze task was developed in mice for the …

The current studies were designed to evaluate whether incentive motivation for palatable
food is altered after manipulations of opioid, GABAergic, and dopaminergic transmission …

Rats were trained to obtain food pellets from the end of each arm of an eight-arm radial
maze. Baseline performance was characterized by very few entries into arms from which the …