Educational aims To discuss fundamental questions relating to the use of bronchodilators
that can lead to an optimisation of their utilisation. To describe new bronchodilators that …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that is
characterized by progressive airway obstruction that, unlike asthma, is relatively insensitive …

The long-acting inhaled bronchodilators available for use in chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) vary in their pharmacological class (β 2-adrenergic agonist or …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) guidelines suggest using inhaled
corticosteroids (ICS) in patients with severe airflow limitation or those at high risk of …

Current guidelines for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
recommend the use of inhaled long-acting bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) …

Bronchodilators form the foundation of symptomatic treatment of COPD. Several long-acting
bronchodilators are now available for use in COPD, but publications of large-scale studies of …

This review summarizes the long-term clinical outcomes associated with β-agonist and
anticholinergic bronchodilator use in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease, which is
characterised by reduced post-bronchodilator lung function in all patients [1]. Although …

Introduction: Inhaled bronchodilators are the mainstay of the current management of COPD
at all stages of the disease, and are critical in the symptomatic management of asthma …

Introduction As of today, there is still a need to determine which COPD patients may benefit
from ICS therapy, whether ICSs are useful in COPD patients without chronic bronchitis, and …