The innate immune system is the first line of defense against virus infection that triggers the
expression of type I interferon (IFN) and proinflammatory cytokines. Pattern recognition …

Viral infection is detected by cellular sensor molecules as foreign nucleic acids and initiates
innate antiviral responses, including the activation of proinflammatory cytokines and type I …

Microbial infections are recognized by the innate immune system through germline-encoded
pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). As most microbial pathogens contain DNA and/or …

The birth of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is closely associated with the presence and
activation of repetitive elements in the genome. The transcription of endogenous …

The innate immune system responds within minutes of infection to produce type I interferons
and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Interferons induce the synthesis of cell proteins with …

Antiviral immunity is initiated upon host recognition of viral products via non-self molecular
patterns known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Such recognition …

ABSTRACT RNA-based therapeutics are emerging as a powerful platform for the treatment
of multiple diseases. Currently, the two main categories of nucleic acid therapeutics …

Cytoplasmic nonself RNA, such as that generated by invading viruses, is recognized by a
family of sensory molecules termed RIG-I-like Receptors (RLRs). Here, we discuss the …

The early detection by the host of invading microorganisms, including viruses, depends on a
limited number of specific receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns …

Immunity against microbial pathogens primarily depends on the recognition of pathogen
components by innate receptors expressed on immune and non-immune cells. Innate …