Background and Purpose NMDA receptors play a key role in both synaptic plasticity and
neurodegeneration. Adenosine is an endogenous neuromodulator and through membrane …

Abstract (R, S)-ketamine has prophylactic antidepressant-like effects in rodents; however,
the precise molecular mechanisms underlying its action remain unknown. Using RNA …

Methamphetamine (METH) is a potent psychostimulant with neurotoxic properties. Heavy
use increases the activation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), production of …

Methamphetamine (METH) is a psychostimulant drug of abuse. METH use is associated with
cognitive impairments and neurochemical abnormalities comparable to pathological …

Rationale Previous research suggests that chronic daily caffeine administration protects
against brain injury in different animal models of neurodegenerative diseases, such as …

Background Cognitive impairment is a commonly reported symptom with increasing life
spans. Numerous studies have focused on identifying precise targets to relieve or reduce …

Rationale Administration of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists produce
hyperlocomotion and cognitive deficits in rodents. Activation of NMDA receptors promotes …

In this study, the cytoprotective effects of caffeine (CAF) and 8-(3-chlorostyryl)-caffeine
(CSC), A2A receptor antagonists, were tested against 6-OHDA-induced cytotoxicity, in rat …

Abstract Exposure to 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) leads to spatial
memory impairment and hippocampal cell death. In the present study we have examined the …

Aluminum is a widespread environmental neurotoxicant that can induce Alzheimer's disease
(AD)-like damage, such as neuronal injury and impairment of learning and memory. Several …