According to the social defeat (SD) hypothesis, published in 2005, long-term exposure to the
experience of SD may lead to sensitization of the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system and …

The hypothesis that chronic and long-term experience of 'social defeat'may increase the risk
for schizophrenia is proposed. This increased risk may result from sensitisation of the …

Objective: To investigate recent evidence suggesting that social factors are causally related
to the development of schizophrenia. Method: I conducted a sytematic review of MEDLINE to …

The increased schizophrenia risks for residents of cities with high levels of competition and
for members of disadvantaged groups (for example migrants from low-and middle-income …

One of the many issues minimized by overemphasis of bio-genetic factors is the role of
belonging to a disempowered group. In response to overwhelming evidence that poverty …

The purpose of this review is to examine whether a contribution of social exclusion to the
pathogenesis of psychosis is compatible with the dopamine hypothesis and/or the …

Social disability is a defining characteristic of schizophrenia and a substantial public health
problem. It has several components that are difficult to disentangle. One component, social …

Background The experience of social defeat may increase the risk of developing psychotic
symptoms and psychotic disorders. We studied the relationship between social defeat and …

Despite clear evidence of a substantial biological basis to schizophrenia, there is also
evidence that social, economic and political factors have considerable relevance to the …

• This article presents a prospective analysis of an antecedent psychopathologic features
and sociodemographic risk factors in schizophrenia with data from five community sites in …