Development of next-generation macromolecular drugs based on the EPR effect: challenges and pitfalls

H Nakamura, F Jun, H Maeda - Expert opinion on drug delivery, 2015 - Taylor & Francis
Introduction: A major problem with conventional antitumor therapeutics is nonselective
delivery of cytotoxic drugs to normal vital organs and tissues but little delivery to tumor …

Enhanced permeability and retention of macromolecular drugs in solid tumors: a royal gate for targeted anticancer nanomedicines

K Greish - Journal of drug targeting, 2007 - Taylor & Francis
Over the past two decades cancer has ascended the causes of human death to be number
one or two in many nations world wide. A major limitation inherent to most conventional …

Tumor delivery of macromolecular drugs based on the EPR effect

V Torchilin - Advanced drug delivery reviews, 2011 - Elsevier
Enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect is the physiology-based principal
mechanism of tumor accumulation of large molecules and small particles. This specific issue …

Exploiting the dynamics of the EPR effect and strategies to improve the therapeutic effects of nanomedicines by using EPR effect enhancers

J Fang, W Islam, H Maeda - Advanced drug delivery reviews, 2020 - Elsevier
The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect is a unique phenomenon of solid
tumors that is related to their particular anatomical and pathophysiological characteristics …

[HTML][HTML] The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect: the significance of the concept and methods to enhance its application

J Wu - Journal of personalized medicine, 2021 - mdpi.com
Chemotherapy for human solid tumors in clinical practice is far from satisfactory. Despite the
discovery and synthesis of hundreds of thousands of anticancer compounds targeting …

Enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect for anticancer nanomedicine drug targeting

K Greish - Cancer nanotechnology: Methods and protocols, 2010 - Springer
Effective cancer therapy remains one of the most challenging tasks to the scientific
community, with little advancement on overall cancer survival landscape during the last two …

The tumor EPR effect for cancer drug delivery: Current status, limitations, and alternatives

R Sun, J Xiang, Q Zhou, Y Piao, J Tang, S Shao… - Advanced Drug Delivery …, 2022 - Elsevier
Over the past three decades, the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect has
been considered the basis of tumor-targeted drug delivery. Various cancer nanomedicines …

[HTML][HTML] The 35th anniversary of the discovery of EPR effect: a new wave of nanomedicines for tumor-targeted drug delivery—personal remarks and future prospects

H Maeda - Journal of personalized medicine, 2021 - mdpi.com
This Special Issue on the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect commemorates
the 35th anniversary of its discovery, the original 1986 Matsumura and Maeda finding being …

Challenges and key considerations of the enhanced permeability and retention effect for nanomedicine drug delivery in oncology

U Prabhakar, H Maeda, RK Jain, EM Sevick-Muraca… - 2013 - AACR
Enhanced permeability of the tumor vasculature allows macromolecules to enter the tumor
interstitial space, whereas the suppressed lymphatic filtration allows them to stay there. This …

[HTML][HTML] Improving conventional enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects; what is the appropriate target?

H Kobayashi, R Watanabe, PL Choyke - Theranostics, 2014 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Nano-sized therapeutic agents have several advantages over low molecular weight agents
such as a larger loading capacity, the ability to protect the payload until delivery, more …