Constructing a cell mimic is a major challenge posed by synthetic biologists. Efforts to this
end have been primarily focused on lipid-and polymer-encapsulated containers, liposomes …

The construction of artificial cells with specific cell-mimicking functions helps to explore
complex biological processes and cell functions in natural cell systems and provides an …

An important goal for bottom-up synthetic biology is to construct tissue-like structures from
artificial cells. The key is the ability to control the assembly of the individual artificial cells …

The ability to make artificial lipid bilayers compatible with a wide range of environments, and
with sufficient structural rigidity for manual handling, would open up a wealth of opportunities …

Recently, two-dimensional networks of aqueous droplets separated by lipid bilayers, with
engineered protein pores as functional elements, were used to construct millimeter-sized …

There is increasing interest in constructing artificial cells by functionalising lipid vesicles with
biological and synthetic machinery. Due to their reduced complexity and lack of evolved …

Vesicles serve important functions in the construction of artificial cells. They facilitate
biochemical reactions by confining reactants and products in space, and delineate the …

Synthetic cells have a major role in gaining insight into the complex biological processes of
living cells; they also give rise to a range of emerging applications from gene delivery to …

Eukaryotic cells have an architecture consisting of multiple inner compartments (organelles)
such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and lysosomes. Each organelle is surrounded by a …

Despite the low complexity of their components, several simple physical systems, including
microspheres, coacervate droplets and phospholipid membrane structures (liposomes) …