Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent arrhythmia and is associated with increased
morbidity and mortality. Current drugs for AF treatment have moderate efficacy and increase …

The natural history of atrial fibrillation (AF) is characterized by a gradual worsening with time.
The recent finding that AF itself produces changes in atrial function and structure has …

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is prevalent in common conditions and acquired forms of heart disease,
including diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure. AF is …

Left atrial (LA) structural and functional remodeling reflects a spectrum of pathophysiological
changes that have occurred in response to specific stressors. These changes include …

The incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) increases with age. Alterations in structure and
function of atrial ion channels associated with aging provide the substrate for AF. In this …

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice. The prevalence of
AF increases dramatically with age and is seen in as high as 9% of individuals by the age of …

Background—Although downregulation of L-type Ca2+ current (I Ca, L) in chronic atrial
fibrillation (AF) is an important determinant of electrical remodeling, the molecular …

Key points• Previous studies have shown that atrial electrical properties are altered
(remodelled) by atrial fibrillation (AF) and that the recurrence of AF is high following …

Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common sustained arrhythmia associated with substantial
cardiovascular morbidity and mortality with stroke being the most critical complication. Most …

The complexity of the heart makes an intuitive understanding of the relative contribution of
ion channels, transporters and signalling pathways to cardiac electrophysiology …