Abstract Background Particulate matter< 2.5 μm in diameter (PM 2.5) and heat are strong
predictors of morbidity, yet few studies have examined the effects of long-term exposures on …

Background: The reported estimated effects between long-term PM 2.5 exposures and
mortality vary spatially. We assessed whether community-level variables, including …

Background: Many studies have reported the associations between long-term exposure to
PM2. 5 and increased risk of death. However, to our knowledge, none has used a causal …

Background: Little is known about what factors modify the effect of long-term exposure to PM
2.5 on mortality, in part because in most previous studies certain groups such as rural …

Background Few studies have simultaneously examined the effect of long-term exposure to
air pollution and ambient temperature on the rate of hospital admissions with cardiovascular …

Background A number of studies have shown that both temperature and air pollution are
associated with health outcomes. In assessing air pollution effects, temperature is usually …

Rationale: Extremes of heat and particulate air pollution threaten human health and are
becoming more frequent because of climate change. Understanding the health impacts of …

Background Many studies have reported significant associations between exposure to PM2.
5 and hospital admissions, but all have focused on the effects of short-term exposure. In …

Background: Many studies have reported associations between ambient particulate matter
(PM) and adverse health effects, focused on either short-term (acute) or long-term (chronic) …

A few epidemiological studies have examined whether there was an interactive effect
between temperature and ambient particulate matter on cardiorespiratory morbidity and …