Over the past decade, clinical and basic research has demonstrated that estrogen has a
dramatic impact on the response to vascular injury and the development of atherosclerosis …

Estrogen has important atheroprotective and vasoactive properties related to its capacity to
stimulate nitric oxide (NO) production by endothelial NO synthase. Previous work has shown …

Estrogen causes nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilation due to estrogen receptor (ER) α-
mediated, nongenomic activation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). The subcellular site of …

Acute administration of 17β-estradiol (E2) exerts antiatherosclerotic effects in healthy
postmenopausal women. The vasoprotective action of E2 may be partly accounted for by a …

The definition of estrogen's actions has expanded from transcriptional regulation to the
rapid, membrane-initiated activation of numerous signal transduction cascades. Multiple …

Estrogen-induced rapid, membrane-initiated activation of numerous signal transduction
cascades has been shown in animal, cellular and molecular vascular studies, which support …

Steroid hormone receptors (SHRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate
gene expression. SHRs also mediate rapid, nongenomic cellular activation by steroids. In …

There is substantial interest in the effects of estrogen on the vascular wall, due to the marked
gender difference in the incidence of clinically apparent coronary heart disease (CHD) …

Estrogen is an important vasoprotective molecule that causes the rapid dilation of blood
vessels by activating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) through an unknown …

Experimental and clinical studies have provided ample evidence that estrogens exert a
significant antiatherosclerotic effect and reduce morbidity and mortality due to …