Toenails have been used as biomarkers of exposure to toxic metals, but their validity for this
purpose is not yet clear and might differ depending on the specific agent. To evaluate this …

Health problems associated with essential trace metals can result from both inadequate (ie,
low intake) and excessive exposures (ie, from environmental and/or occupational source) …

Exposure to environmental contaminants is complicated by factors related to socioeconomic
status, diet, and other culturally conditioned risk behaviors. Determination of a trace element …

Abstract Purpose of Review Biomarkers are commonly used in epidemiological studies to
assess metals and metalloid exposure and estimate internal dose, as they integrate multiple …

Toenail is metabolic end product of the skin, which can provide information about heavy
metal accumulation in human cells. Slow growth rates of toenail can represent heavy metal …

Human nails are extensively employed for monitoring exposure to excessive levels of
elements. Nails can be studied easily and economically in subjects of residential areas and …

Background: Arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead are associated with cardiovascular
disease in epidemiologic research. These associations may be mediated by direct effects of …

New England is one of three areas in the United States with the highest annual deposition of
mercury, an established environmental pollutant with a variety of health effects. We …

Eur J Clin Invest 2010; 41 (1): 98–102 Abstract Background The importance of trace
elements in relation to human health has been increasingly recognized. Accurate and …

Potentially harmful elements (PHEs) manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), lead (Pb),
nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) were measured in human hair/nails, staple crops and drinking water …