Dendritic cell (DC)-based anti-tumor vaccines have great potential for the treatment of
cancer. To date, a large number of clinical trials involving DC-based vaccines have been …

Extracellular vesicles (EV), including exosomes and microvesicles (MV), represent a rapidly
expanding field of research with diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Although many …

Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicle whose study has grown exponentially in recent
years. This led to the understanding that these structures, far from being inert waste by …

Abstract Exosomes, 60–90-nm-sized vesicles, are produced by a large number of cell types,
including tumor cells, neurons, astrocytes, hemocytes, intestinal epithelial cells, and so on …

Antigen delivery has always been a challenge in scientific practice of vaccine formulation.
Yet, mammalian extracellular vesicles (EVs) or bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) provide …

In the era of the rapid development of cancer immunotherapy, there is a high level of interest
in the application of cell-released small vesicles that stimulate the immune system. As cell …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by all cells within the tumor microenvironment,
such as endothelial cells, tumor-associated fibroblasts, pericytes, and immune system cells …

In recent years exosomes have emerged as potent stimulators of immune responses and as
agents for cancer therapy. Exosomes can carry a broad variety of immunostimulatory …

Exosomes are a group of nano-sized membrane vesicles that transfer proteins, nucleic
acids, and lipids to nearby and faraway cells, playing an important role in the intercellular …

Exosomes are secreted membrane nanovesicles of endosomal origin and are considered
potential cancer vaccine vectors. Phase I clinical trials have been successfully conducted …