Background: Particles in exhaled air (PEx) provide samples of respiratory tract lining fluid
from small airways and offer a new opportunity to monitor pathological changes. The …

Introduction Particles in exhaled air (PEx) provide samples of respiratory tract lining fluid
from small airways containing, for example, Surfactant protein A (SP-A) and albumin …

Particles in exhaled air (PEx) are generated when collapsed small airways reopen during
breathing. PEx can be noninvasively collected by particle impaction, allowing the analysis of …

Background: Human breath contains small particles that might be useful for the noninvasive
diagnosis of lung disease. In this study, the impact of airway obstruction on particle emission …

Introduction At present, there are few methods available for monitoring respiratory diseases
affecting distal airways. Bronchoscopy is the golden standard for sampling the lower …

The technique of sampling exhaled air is attractive because it is noninvasive and so allows
repeated sampling with ease and no risk for the patient. Knowledge of the biomarkers' origin …

Background Originally, studies on exhaled droplets explored properties of airborne
transmission of infectious diseases. More recently, the interest focuses on properties of …

Introduction Respiratory tract lining fluid of small airways mainly consists of surfactant that
can be investigated by collection of the particles of exhaled aerosol (PExA) method. This …

Aerosol particles are generated in human airways and leave the body with exhaled air. The
particles originate from the respiratory tract and contain non-volatile compoundsthat …

Daily variations in ambient particulate air pollution are associated with variations in
respiratory lung function. It has been suggested that the effects of particulate matter may be …