Neural tube defects (NTDs) are severe congenital malformations affecting 1–2 in 1,000 live
births, whose etiology is multifactorial, involving environmental and genetic factors. NTDs …

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are serious malformations affecting approximately 1 per 1000
births, yet the mechanisms by which they arise are unknown. There have been consistent …

Neural tube defects (NTDs) represent a common group of severe congenital malformations
of the central nervous system. They result from failure of neural tube closure during early …

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are among the most common of all human congenital defects,
with multifactorial etiologies comprising both environmental and genetic components …

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common congenital malformations that occur when the
embryonic neural tube fails to close properly during early development. Although …

Neural tube defects (NTDs), including spina bifida and anencephaly, are severe birth
defects of the central nervous system that originate during embryonic development when the …

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common congenital malformations in humans. While
etiologically heterogeneous, for the most part they are multifactorial in their pathogenesis …

Introduction Multiple genetic and epigenetic factors involved in central nervous system
(CNS) development influence the incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs). Discussion The …

Neural tube defects are a complex, heterogeneous, and multifactorial group of disorders. In
humans it is estimated that 80% of neural tube defects are “multifactorial” and are influenced …

The epidemiological investigation of the common open neural tube defects (NTDs),
anencephaly, and spina bifida, has a long history. The most significant finding from these …