Plants respond to herbivore attack through a complex and variable system of defense,
involving different physical barriers, toxic chemicals, and recruitment of natural enemies. To …

Many morphological and chemical features of plants are classified as plant defenses against
herbivores. By definition, plant defenses should increase a plant's fitness (ie, its contribution …

Abstract Key Message This review provides an overview, analysis, and reflection on insect
elicitors and effectors (particularly from oral secretions) in the context of the 'arms race'with …

Plants respond to herbivore attack by launching 2 types of defenses: direct defense and
indirect defense. Direct defense includes all plant traits that increase the resistance of host …

Plants have evolved an array of defense mechanisms to protect themselves against the wide
variety of pathogens and pests with which they are confronted. Included in these defense …

Plant-herbivore relationships are complex interactions encompassing elaborate networks of
molecules, signals and strategies used to overcome defences developed by each other …

In their defence against pathogens, herbivorous insects, and mites, plants employ many
induced responses. One of these responses is the induced emission of volatiles upon …

Interactions between plants and insect herbivores are important determinants of plant
productivity in managed and natural vegetation. In response to attack, plants have evolved a …

Recent advances in our understanding of induced responses in plants and their regulation,
brought about by a revolution in molecular biology, have re-focused attention on the …

For the past several decades entomologists and plant pathologists have investigated
induced responses of plants to herbivores and to diseases independently, largely oblivious …