Introduction: 25 years experience in transforaminal endoscopic surgery from a personal and
spine group database is reviewed relating to treatment of discogenic pain and disc …

Background. Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common disease in spinal surgery which
often causes acute radicular pain. However, LDH with buttock pain (BP) as the main clinical …

Purpose To investigate the clinical efficacy of transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (TED)
in treating recurrent lumbar disc herniation. Methods Clinical datal of 31 patients who were …

Background: The most common causes of pain following lumbar spinal fusions are residual
herniation, or foraminal fibrosis and foraminal stenosis that is ignored, untreated, or …

The term discogenic pain refers to pain arising from the disc itself. Discogenic pain is cited
as the most common cause of chronic low back pain, accounting for approximately 26–39 …

Objective To evaluate the preliminary clinical outcomes of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar
discectomy (PELD) for patient with discogenic chronic low back pain (CLBP) and failing to …

Background Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopy has been widely used to treat lumbar
disc herniation (LDH), but the steep learning curve and difficulties in removing the calcified …

High-intensity zone (HIZ) is located in the posterior annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc
on the T2-weighted lumbar magnetic resonance (MR) images. HIZ is described as an …

The suture technique for a ruptured annulus fibrosus (AF) under full-endoscopy remains
challenging. Direct suturing of a ruptured annular tear after full decompression has been …

Background: Discogenic low back is a distinct clinic entity characterized by pain arising from
a damaged disc. The diagnosis is clouded by the controversy surrounding discography. The …