Tumor microenvironment denotes the non-cancerous cells and components presented in
the tumor, including molecules produced and released by them. The constant interactions …

Tumor cells constantly interact with the surrounding microenvironment. Increasing evidence
indicates that targeting the tumor microenvironment could complement traditional treatment …

Recent advances in cancer therapy encounter a bottleneck. Relapsing/recurrent disease
almost always developed eventually with resistance to the initially effective drugs. Tumor …

Oncogene activation and tumor-suppressor gene inactivation are considered as the main
causes driving the transformation of normal somatic cells into malignant tumor cells. Cancer …

BACKGROUND With the emergence of the tumor microenvironment as an essential
ingredient of cancer malignancy, therapies targeting the host compartment of tumors have …

Tumor prognosis is generally defined by various tumor parameters. However, it is well
known that paracrine, endocrine and cell–cell interactions between the tumor and its …

Purpose The role of the microenvironment during the initiation and progression of
carcinogenesis is now realized to be of critical importance, both for enhanced understanding …

The tumor microenvironment significantly influences therapeutic response and clinical
outcome. Microenvironment-mediated drug resistance can be induced by soluble factors …

Cancer occurs in a complex tissue environment, and its progression depends largely on the
tumour microenvironment (TME). The TME has a highly complex and comprehensive system …

The tumour microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in tumour fate determination. The
TME acts together with the genetic material of tumour cells to determine their initiation …