Highlights•At least three types of “escapes” or ways for bacteria to leave the biofilm are
known.•Types of escapes are referred to as desorption, detachment, and …

In most environments, microorganisms evolve in a sessile mode of growth, designated as
biofilm, which is characterized by cells embedded in a self‐produced extracellular matrix …

The formation of microbial biofilms enables single planktonic cells to assume a multicellular
mode of growth. During dispersion, the final step of the biofilm life cycle, single cells egress …

Volume 29, Number 4 Lappin-Scott and Bass 251 dently of fluid flow (frequently in the
opposite direction to flow). After initial attachment several events may occur simultaneously; …

In most environments, bacteria reside primarily in biofilms, which are social consortia of cells
that are embedded in an extracellular matrix and undergo developmental programmes …

In recent decades, many researchers have written numerous articles about microbial
biofilms. Biofilm is a complex community of microorganisms and an example of bacterial …

Highlights•Biofilms may have evolved as an adaptive response to environmental
stresses.•Biofilm formation is a complex process involving sophisticated regulatory …

A biofilm is an interface-associated colloidal dispersion of bacterial cells and excreted
polymers in which microorganisms find protection from their environment. Successful …

The ASM 6th Conference on Biofilms was held in Miami, Florida, 29 September to 4 October,
2012. The conference provided an opportunity for the exchange of new findings and ideas …

Microbial biofilms impinge upon all aspects of our lives. Whilst much of this impact is
positive, there are many areas in which the presence and activities of biofilms are regarded …