Vaccines are recognized worldwide as one of the most important tools for combating
infectious diseases. Despite the tremendous value conferred by currently available vaccines …

Vaccination is the most efficient way to combat and prevent infectious diseases. However,
most vaccines are administered systemically and are ineffective in eliciting protective …

Hollow microneedles can help overcome the skin permeation barrier imposed by the stratum
corneum and facilitate transcutaneous delivery of nanoparticle delivery systems. In the …

Microparticles have been effectively used for many years as delivery systems for drugs and
therapeutic proteins. Their application to the delivery of vaccines is not as extensive, but is …

By targeting dendritic cells, polymeric carriers in the nano to lower micron range constitute
very interesting tools for antigen delivery. In this critical review, we review how new …

Biomimetic approaches utilize natural cell membrane‐derived nanovesicles to camouflage
nanoparticles to circumvent some limitations of nanoscale materials. This emergent cell …

The introduction of a synthetic material into the body always affects different body systems,
including the defense system. Synthetic polymers are usually thymus-independent antigens …

Vaccination is an effective medical intervention for preventing disease. However, without an
adjuvant, most subunit vaccines are poorly immunogenic. This work develops a bioinspired …

The final aim/target of Pharmaceutical Sciences is to design successful dosage forms for
effective therapy, considering individual patient needs and compliance. Development of new …

Autoimmune disease is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by disorders of immune
regulation. Antigen-specific immunotherapy has the potential to inhibit the autoreactivity of …