The vertebrate body plan is established during gastrulation, when cells move inwards to
form the mesodermal and endodermal germ layers. Signals from a region of dorsal …

A central question in the development of multicellular organisms pertains to the timing and
mechanisms of specification of the embryonic axes. In many organisms, specification of the …

Vertebrate gastrulation involves the specification and coordinated movement of large
populations of cells that give rise to the ectodermal, mesodermal and endodermal germ …

Formation of the three germ layers requires a series of inductive events during early
embryogenesis. Studies in zebrafish indicate that the source of these inductive signals may …

Oriented cell division is an integral part of pattern development in processes ranging from
asymmetric segregation of cell-fate determinants to the shaping of tissues,. Despite …

Based on grafting experiments, Mangold and Spemann showed the dorsal blastopore lip of
an amphibian gastrula to be able to induce a secondary body axis. The equivalent of this …

Secreted morphogens induce distinct cellular responses in a concentration-dependent
manner and act directly at a distance,,,,,,. The existence of morphogens during mesoderm …

The vertebrate organizer can induce a complete body axis when transplanted to the ventral
side of a host embryo by virtue of its distinct head and trunk inducing properties …

Members of the Wnt and TGF-β superfamilies regulate both cell fate and proliferation during
development and tissue maintenance,,. In the early amphibian embryo, the Wnt and TGF-β …

During gastrulation, a single epithelial cell layer, the ectoderm, generates two others: the
mesoderm and the endoderm. In amniotes (birds and mammals), mesendoderm formation …