Approximately three billion individuals are exposed to household air pollution (HAP) from
the burning of biomass fuels worldwide. Household air pollution is responsible for 2.9 million …

Household air pollution (HAP) from solid fuel combustion contributes to 2.6% of the global
burden of disease. HAP emissions are an established lung carcinogen; however …

Exposure to household air pollution (HAP) from solid fuel combustion affects almost half of
the world population. Adverse respiratory outcomes such as respiratory infections, impaired …

Biomass fuel smoke, secondhand smoke, and oxides of nitrogen are common causes of
household air pollution (HAP). Almost 2.4 billion people worldwide use solid fuels for …

Household air pollution (HAP) from biomass fuels, coal, and kerosene burned in open fires,
primitive stoves, and lamps causes at least 2 million deaths per year. Many of these deaths …

A bstract Solid fuels, an important source of severe Household Air Pollution (HAP) linked to
many adverse health outcomes, has been widely consumed around the world. China …

It is estimated that up to half of the world's population burns biomass fuel (wood, crop
residues, animal dung and coal) for indoor uses such as cooking, lighting and heating. As a …

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that household air pollution (HAP)
accounts for an estimated 4.3 million premature deaths annually and 110 million disability …

Household air pollution is a common but preventable risk factor for respiratory diseases.
Replacement of solid cooking fuels with clean fuels such as LPG gas as exemplified by the …

Background Household air pollution (HAP) from combustion of solid fuels is an important
contributor to disease burden in low-and middle-income countries (LIC, and MIC). However …