Plant fungal pathogens represent a highly diverse and formidable group of biotic stressors
that significantly impact agricultural productivity and economic outcomes. The complexity of …

Plants are susceptible to a wide variety of microorganisms in natural ecosystems, interacting
with them in intricate ways. Plant–fungal interactions have been extensively investigated to …

Fungi interact with plants in various ways, with each interaction giving rise to different
alterations in both partners. While fungal pathogens have detrimental effects on plant …

Simple Summary Fungi can form several different types of associations such as pathogenic
and symbiotic with plants. Pathogenic fungi subject plants to a great deal of pressure by …

Plants may be affected by a wide range of diseases, the majority of which can result in
significant economic losses. To survive biotic stresses, plants use their inherent or acquired …

Dramatic progress in molecular biology and genetic engineering has recently produced an
unparalleled wealth of information on the mechanisms of plant and pathogen interactions at …

Plants are exposed to various severe constraints comprising damages caused by
phytopathogens, which eventually lowers productivity. During plant–fungus interaction, the …

Pathogenic fungi use diverse infection strategies to obtain nutrients from plants. Biotrophic
fungi feed only on living plant tissue, whereas necrotrophic fungi kill host cells to extract …

Plants have broad immune receptor arsenals that can detect and deal with all types of
pathogens. They often create a complex immune system with several layers of well …

Simple Summary Plants encounter numerous biotic and abiotic challenges during their life
cycle. Biotic stressors pose serious threats to crop yield, causing food security issues …