Heart failure is a changing paradigm. The hemodynamic model, which served our needs
well from the 1950s through the early 1980s, has now been largely abandoned, except for …

Over the past several years, additional information has been accumulated on the
pathophysiology of congestive heart failure. The primary cardiac defect is a decrease in …

Because physicians have traditionally considered heart failure to be a hemodynamic
disorder, they have described the syndrome of heart failure using hemodynamic concepts …

Heart failure is a clinical syndrome characterized by impaired structure and/or function of the
heart, leading to dyspnea and fatigue at rest or with exertion. The pathophysiology of heart …

Heart failure is a clinical syndrome that results when the heart is unable to provide sufficient
blood flow to meet metabolic requirements or accommodate systemic venous return. This …

During the last 20 years, physicians have generally regarded heart failure as a
haemodynamic disorder in an attempt to explain patients' symptoms and disability. This …

Heart failure is not a distinct disease, but rather a complex clinical syndrome that can result
from virtually any form of heart disease. The so-called “end stages” of heart failure do not …

The advent of neurohormonal blockade in heart failure (HF) has been an overwhelming
success, but current evidence points to a ceiling effect as newer neurohormonal targets are …

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Although the development and progression of heart failure have traditionally been viewed
as hemodynamic disorders, there is now an increasing awareness that the syndrome of …