ABSTRACT A wide range of pathogens, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1
(HIV-1), hepatitis C virus, Ebola virus, cytomegalovirus, dengue virus, Mycobacterium …

Integrins are involved in the binding and internalization of both enveloped and
nonenveloped viruses. By using 3 distinct cell systems—CHO cells lacking expression of …

Host–pathogen interactions have coevolved for many years. On the one hand, the human
immune system consists of innate and adaptive immune cells that function to defeat …

The protective roles of endosomal toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytosolic nucleic acid
sensors are well elucidated, but the pathogenic host factors during viral infections remain …

Dendritic cells play a major role in HIV pathogenesis. Epithelial dendritic cells appear to be
one of the first cells infected after sexual transmission and transfer of the virus to CD4 …

C-type lectins are calcium-dependent carbohydrate-binding proteins with a wide range of
biological functions, many of which are related to immunity. DC-SIGN (dendritic cell-specific …

Fusion of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to the plasma membrane of target cells is
mediated by interaction of its envelope glycoprotein, gp120, with CD4 and appropriate …

The dendritic cell (DC)–specific molecule DC-SIGN is a receptor for the HIV-1 envelope
glycoprotein gp120 and is essential for the dissemination of HIV-1. DC-SIGN is expressed …

DC-specific ICAM3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN), which is expressed on DCs, can
interact with a variety of pathogens such as HIV-1, hepatitis C, Ebola, cytomegalovirus …

Dengue haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome, the most severe responses to
dengue virus (DV) infection, are characterized by plasma leakage (due to increased …