Neural tube defects, including spina bifida, are among the most common birth defects
caused by failure of neural tube closure during development. They have a complex etiology …

Cranial neural tube defects (NTDs) occur in mice carrying mutant alleles of many different
genes, whereas isolated spinal NTDs (spina bifida) occur in fewer models, despite being …

Orofacial clefts, including cleft lip and palate (CL/P) and neural tube defects (NTDs) are
among the most common congenital anomalies, but knowledge of the genetic basis of these …

The genetic basis of human neural tube defects (NTDs), such as anencephaly and spina
bifida (SB), is complex and heterogeneous. Grainyhead-like genes represent candidates for …

Neural tube defects (NTDs), such as spina bifida, are common and severe birth defects in
humans but the underlying causes are poorly understood. The pathogenesis and etiology of …

Abstract Background The transcription factor Grainyhead‐like 3 (GRHL3) has multiple roles
in a variety of tissues during development including epithelial patterning and actin …

Failure of neural tube closure leads to neural tube defects (NTDs), common congenital
abnormalities in humans. Among the genes whose loss of function causes NTDs in mice …

BACKGROUND: Grainyhead genes encode a family of transcription factors that are well
conserved from fly to human. The three mammalian homologues, Grainyhead‐like‐1,‐2, and …

Spina bifida (SB) is a complex disorder of failed neural tube closure during the first month of
human gestation, with a suspected etiology involving multiple gene and environmental …

Primary neurulation in mammals has been defined by distinct anatomical closure sites, at
the hindbrain/cervical spine (closure 1), forebrain/midbrain boundary (closure 2), and rostral …